CONTENTS

Cover

Title Page

Dedication

Contributors

Preface

Evolution of Acute Medicine: The Development of Ambulatory Emergency Care

Section 1: Presentations in Acute Medicine

General
Chapter 1: The Critically ill Patient
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 2: Hypotension and Shock
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 3: Reduced Conscious Level
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 4: Delirium
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 5: Falls In Older People
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Cardiorespiratory
Chapter 6: Cardiac Arrest in Hospital
1. Initial Management
2. Further Management
3. Appendix 6.1 Decisions about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
4. Further Reading
Chapter 7: Acute Chest Pain
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 8: Palpitations
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 9: Transient Loss of Consciousness
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 10: Acute Breathlessness
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 11: Acute Respiratory Failure
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 12: Pleural Effusion
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 13: Cough and haemoptysis
1. Cough
2. Management
3. Haemoptysis
4. Management of massive haemoptysis
5. Further Reading
Neurological
Chapter 14: Neurological Diagnosis in Acute Medicine
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 15: Acute Headache
1. Further Reading
Chapter 16: Seizures and Epilepsy
1. Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure
2. Priorities
3. Further Management
4. After a Generalized Seizure in a Patient with Known Epilepsy
5. Further Reading
Chapter 17: Weakness and Paralysis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 18: Acute Sensory Symptoms
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 19: Loss of Vision
1. Sudden or Gradual?
2. One or Both Eyes?
3. Persistent or Transient?
4. Central or Peripheral Visual Field?
5. Painful or Painless?
6. Drug History
7. Further Management
8. Further Reading
Abdominal
Chapter 20: Acute Vomiting
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 21: Acute Abdominal Pain
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 22: Acute Diarrhoea
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 23: Acute Jaundice
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 24: Ascites
1. Priorities
2. Further Management of Ascites due to Cirrhosis
3. Appendix 24.1 Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
4. Further Reading
Chapter 25: Acute Kidney Injury
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Appendix 25.1 Rhabdomyolysis
4. Further Reading
Skin and Musculoskeletal
Chapter 26: Acute Rash
1. Priorities
2. Criteria for Escalation of Care
3. Further Management
4. Further Reading
Chapter 27: Urticaria and Angioedema
1. Urticaria
2. Priorities
3. Isolated Angioedema
4. Further Reading
Chapter 28: Acute Arthritis
1. Further Reading
Chapter 29: Acute Spinal Pain
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 30: Acute Limb Pain
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Miscellaneous
Chapter 31: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Appendix 31.1 Formulation of a Comprehensive Problem List
4. Problem List
5. Further Reading
Chapter 32: Acute Medical Problems in Pregnancy
1. Priorities
2. Priorities
3. Priorities
4. Pre-Eclampsia and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
5. Priorities
6. Further Reading
Chapter 33: Fever on Return from Abroad
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 34: Acute Medical Problems in the HIV-Positive Patient
1. Breathlessness (see also Chapter 10)
2. Neuro-Ophthalmic Problems (see also Chapter 14)
3. Acute Diarrhoea (see also Chapter 22)
4. Further Reading

Section 2: Syndromes and Disorders

General
Chapter 35: Sepsis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 36: Poisoning
1. Priorities
2. The Conscious Patient with Poisoning
3. Further Management
4. Appendix 36.1 Paracetamol poisoning
5. Appendix 36.2 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
6. Further Reading
Chapter 37: Acid-Base Disorders
1. Further Reading
Chapter 38: Anaphylaxis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Cardiovascular
Chapter 39: Acute Arrhythmias: General Principles of Management
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 40: Regular Broad Complex Tachycardia
1. Further Reading
Chapter 41: Irregular Broad Complex Tachycardia
1. Further Reading
Chapter 42: Narrow Complex Tachycardia
1. Further reading
Chapter 43: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
1. Further Reading
Chapter 44: Bradycardia and Atrioventricular Block
1. Further Reading
Chapter 45: Acute Coronary Syndromes (1): ST-Segment Elevation
1. Priorities
2. Problems in the Acute Phase
3. Further Management
4. Further Reading
Chapter 46: Acute Coronary Syndromes (2): Non-ST-Segment Elevation
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 47: Acute Pulmonary Oedema
1. Further Reading
Chapter 48: Acute Heart Failure and Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 49: Cardiogenic Shock
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 50: Aortic Dissection and Other Acute Aortic Syndromes
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 51: Heart Valve Disease and Prosthetic Heart Valves
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 52: Infective Endocarditis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 53: Acute Pericarditis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 54: Cardiac Tamponade
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 55: Severe Hypertension
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 56: Deep Vein Thrombosis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 57: Pulmonary Embolism
1. Suspected Pulmonary Embolism with Shock or Persistent Hypotension (Figure 57.1)
2. Priorities
3. Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Without Shock or Hypotension (Figure 57.2)
4. Priorities
5. Further Management
6. Problems
7. Further Reading
Chapter 58: Problems with Pacemakers and Other Cardiac Devices
1. Further Reading
Respiratory
Chapter 59: Upper Airway Obstruction
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Appendix 59.1 Upper Airway Obstruction
5. Further Reading
Chapter 60: Acute Asthma
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 61: Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
1. Priorities
2. Oxygen
3. Further Management
4. Further Reading
Chapter 62: Community-Acquired Pneumonia
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Checklist Before Discharge
4. Problems
5. Further Reading
Chapter 63: Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
1. Priorities
2. Appendix 63.1 Aspiration Pneumonia Syndromes
3. Further Reading
Chapter 64: Pneumothorax
1. Further Reading
Neurological
Chapter 65: Stroke
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Appendix 65.1 Classification of Stroke
4. Further Reading
Chapter 66: Transient Ischaemic Attack
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 67: Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 68: Bacterial Meningitis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 69: Encephalitis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 70: Spinal Cord Compression
1. Malignant Spinal Cord Compression
2. Other Types of Cord and Cauda Equina Compression
3. Priorities
4. Further Management
5. Further Reading
Chapter 71: Guillain-Barré Syndrome
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Patient Support Groups
4. Appendix 71.1 Guillain-Barré Syndrome
5. Further Reading
Chapter 72: Raised Intracranial Pressure
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Abdominal
Chapter 73: Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 74: Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 75: Acute Oesophageal Disorders
1. Oesophageal perforation
2. Mallory-Weiss Tear
3. Food Bolus Obstruction
4. Further Reading
Chapter 76: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Ulcerative Colitis
4. Crohn's Disease
5. Appendix 76.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
6. Further Reading
Chapter 77: Acute Liver Failure and Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease
1. Acute Liver Failure
2. Priorities
3. Further Management of Acute Liver Failure before Transfer to a Liver Unit
4. Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease
5. Priorities
6. Appendix 77.1 Hepatorenal Syndrome
7. Further Reading
Chapter 78: Alcoholic Hepatitis
1. Further Reading
Chapter 79: Biliary tract disorders and acute pancreatitis
1. Further Reading
Chapter 80: Urinary Tract Infection
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Appendix 80.1 Causative agents of urinary tract infection (UTI) and urethritis
4. Further Reading
Metabolic
Chapter 81: Hypoglycaemia
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 82: Hyperglycaemic States
1. Plasma Blood Glucose >11 mmol/L
2. Further Reading
Chapter 83: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 84: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State
1. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State is Differentiated from Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Chapter 83) by:
2. Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 85: Disorders of Plasma Sodium Concentration
1. Hypernatraemia
2. Hyponatraemia
3. Further Reading
Chapter 86: Disorders of plasma potassium concentration
1. Hyperkalaemia
2. Principles of Management (Figure 86.1)
3. Hypokalaemia
4. Principles of Management (Figure 86.2)
5. Further Reading
Chapter 87: Disorders of Plasma Calcium Concentration
1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Hypocalcaemia
3. Further Reading
Chapter 88: Disorders of Plasma Magnesium Concentration
1. Hypermagnesaemia
2. Hypomagnesaemia
3. Further Reading
Chapter 89: Disorders of Plasma Phosphate Concentration
1. Hyperphosphataemia
2. Mild to Moderate Hyperphosphataemia
3. Hypophosphataemia
4. Further Reading
Chapter 90: Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 91: Thyrotoxic Storm
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 92: Myxoedema Coma
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 93: Pituitary Apoplexy
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 94: Paraganglioma (Phaeochromocytoma) Crisis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Skin and Musculoskeletal
Chapter 95: Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 96: Erythroderma and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
1. Erythroderma
2. Priorities
3. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
4. Priorities
5. Further Management
6. Further Reading
Chapter 97: Acute Gout and Pseudogout
1. Priorities
2. Further Reading
Chapter 98: Septic Arthritis
1. Priorities
2. Further management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 99: Acute Vasculitis
1. Suspected Giant-Cell Arteritis (GCA) (Figure 99.1; see also Chapter 19)
2. New Presentation of Suspected Systemic Vasculitis (Figure 99.2)
3. Appendix 99.1 The Spectrum of Systemic Vasculitides
4. Further Reading
Haematology and Miscellaneous
Chapter 100: Interpretation of Full Blood Count and Film
1. Further Reading
Chapter 101: Pancytopenia and Febrile Neutropenia
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Problems
4. Further Reading
Chapter 102: Bleeding Disorders
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 103: Management of Anticoagulation
1. Indications for Anticoagulation
2. Heparins (Table 103.2 and 103.3)
3. Warfarin and Other Vitamin K Antagonists
4. Duration of Anticoagulation Following VTE and Predicting Risk of Recurrence
5. Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
6. Management of Bleeding in a Patient Taking an Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Drug
7. Warfarin and Other Vitamin K Antagonists
8. Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
9. Antiplatelet Agents
10. Safe Timing of Invasive Procedures in Patients on Anticoagulation
11. Further Reading
Chapter 104: Acute Painful Sickle Cell Crisis
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 105: Complications of Cancer
1. Further Reading
Chapter 106: Alcohol-Related Problems In Acute Medicine
1. Further Reading
Chapter 107: Hypothermia
1. Further Reading
Chapter 108: Drowning
1. Priorities
2. Further Management
3. Further Reading
Chapter 109: Electrical Injury
1. Further Reading
Chapter 110: Palliative and end-of-life care
1. Palliative Care
2. End-of-Life Care
3. Further Reading
Chapter 111: Medicolegal Issues in Acute Medicine
1. Age and Capacity
2. Assessment of Mental Capacity
3. The Unconscious Patient or Those that Lack Capacity
4. Self-Harm
5. Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA)
6. Advance Directives
7. Lasting Power of Attorney
8. Deprivation of Liberty
9. The Patient Should be Fully Informed
10. Confidentiality
11. Further Reading

Section 3: Techniques and Procedures in Acute Medicine

Chapter 112: Airway Management
1. Non-Invasive Techniques
2. Endotracheal Intubation
3. Surgical Airway
4. Further Reading
Chapter 113: Non-Invasive Ventilation
1. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Exacerbation of COPD
2. Set-Up of Non-Invasive Ventilation
3. Management of the Patient Receiving Non-Invasive Ventilation
4. Weaning of Non-Invasive Ventilation
5. Problems
6. Admissions in Patients on Long-Term Home NIV
7. Further Reading
Chapter 114: Ultrasonography in Acute Medicine
1. Cardiac Scan
2. Thoracic Scan
3. Abdominal Scan
4. Bladder Scan
5. Further Reading
Chapter 115: Reading a Chest X-Ray
1. Common Pathology
2. Approach to the chest x Ray of a patient in Intensive Care
3. Further Reading
Chapter 116: Central Vein Cannulation
1. Ultrasound-Guided Cannulation of the Internal Jugular Vein
2. Landmark-Guided Technique for Cannulation of the Femoral Vein
3. Management of Central Venous Catheters
4. Further Reading
Chapter 117: Arterial Blood Sampling and Cannulation
1. Arterial Blood Sampling
2. Arterial Cannulation
3. Further Reading
Chapter 118: Arterial Blood Gases, Oxygen Saturation and Oxygen Therapy
1. Further Reading
Chapter 119: Temporary Cardiac Pacing
1. Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing
2. External Cardiac Pacing
3. Further Reading
Chapter 120: Pericardial Aspiration (Pericardiocentesis)
1. Technique
2. Further Reading
Chapter 121: DC Cardioversion
1. Technique in Haemodynamically Stable Patients
2. Further Reading
Chapter 122: Insertion of an Intercostal Chest Drain
1. Technique
2. Further Reading
Chapter 123: Lumbar Puncture
1. Technique (Figures 123.1 and 123.2)
2. Interpretation of CSF Formula
3. Further Reading
Chapter 124: Aspiration of the Knee Joint
1. Technique
2. Interpreting the Results
3. Further Reading
Chapter 125: Insertion of a Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube
1. Technique
2. Further Reading

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 1.4

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Appendix 4.1

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Table 7.3

Table 7.4

Table 7.5

Table 7.6

Table 7.7

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 8.6

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Table 9.4

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Table 10.3

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Table 12.4

Table 12.5

Table 13.1

Table 13.3

Table 13.2

Table 13.4

Table 13.5

Table 13.6

Table 13.7

Table 14.1

Table 14.2

Table 14.3

Table 14.4

Table 14.5

Table 14.6

Table 15.1

Table 15.2

Table 15.3

Table 15.4

Table 15.5

Table 15.6

Table 16.1

Table 16.2

Table 16.3

Table 16.4

Table 17.1

Table 17.2

Table 17.3

Table 17.4

Table 18.1

Table 18.2

Table 18.3

Table 18.4

Table 18.5

Table 19.1

Table 19.2

Table 19.3

Table 19.4

Table 19.5

Table 20.1

Table 20.2

Table 20.3

Table 20.4

Table 21.1

Table 21.2

Table 21.3

Table 21.4

Table 22.1

Table 22.2

Table 22.3

Table 22.4

Table 22.5

Table 22.6

Table 23.1

Table 23.2

Table 23.3

Table 23.4

Table 23.5

Table 23.6

Table 24.1

Table 24.2

Table 25.1

Table 25.2

Table 25.3

Table 25.4

Table 25.5

Table 25.6

Table 26.1

Table 26.2

Table 26.3

Table 27.1

Table 27.2

Table 27.3

Table 27.4

Table 28.1

Table 28.2

Table 28.3

Table 28.4

Table 28.5

Table 29.1

Table 30.1

Table 30.2

Table 32.1

Table 32.2

Table 32.3

Table 32.4

Table 32.5

Table 32.6

Table 32.7

Table 32.8

Table 33.1

Table 33.2

Table 33.3

Table 33.4

Table 33.5

Table 34.1

Table 34.2

Table 34.3

Table 34.4

Table 34.5

Table 34.6

Table 35.1

Table 35.2

Table 35.3

Table 35.4

Table 35.5

Table 35.6

Table 35.7

Table 36.1

Table 36.2

Table 36.3

Table 36.4

Table 36.5

Table 36.6

Table 36.7

Table 36.8

Table 36.9

Table 36.10

Table 36.11

Table 37.1

Table 37.2

Table 37.3

Table 37.4

Table 37.5

Table 37.6

Table 37.7

Table 37.8

Table 38.1

Table 38.2

Table 38.3

Table 38.4

Table 39.1

Table 39.2

Table 39.3

Table 39.4

Table 40.1

Table 40.2

Table 41.1

Table 41.2

Table 41.3

Table 42.1

Table 42.2

Table 42.3

Table 42.4

Table 43.1

Table 43.2

Table 43.3

Table 43.4

Table 44.1

Table 44.2

Table 44.3

Table 44.4

Table 44.5

Table 45.1

Table 45.2

Table 45.3

Table 45.4

Table 45.5

Table 45.6

Table 45.7

Table 45.8

Table 45.9

Table 45.10

Table 46.1

Table 46.2

Table 46.3

Table 46.4

Table 47.1

Table 47.2

Table 47.3

Table 47.4

Table 47.5

Table 47.6

Table 47.7

Table 47.8

Table 48.1

Table 48.2

Table 48.3

Table 48.4

Table 49.1

Table 49.2

Table 49.3

Table 49.4

Table 50.1

Table 50.2

Table 50.3

Table 50.4

Table 50.5

Table 50.6

Table 51.1

Table 51.2

Table 51.3

Table 52.1

Table 52.2

Table 52.3

Table 52.4

Table 52.5

Table 52.6

Table 52.7

Table 52.8

Table 52.9

Table 52.10

Table 53.1

Table 53.2

Table 53.3

Table 53.4

Table 54.1

Table 54.2

Table 55.1

Table 55.2

Table 55.3

Table 55.4

Table 55.5

Table 55.6

Table 56.1

Table 56.2

Table 56.3

Table 56.4

Table 57.1

Table 57.2

Table 57.3

Table 57.4

Table 57.5

Table 58.1

Table 58.2

Table 58.3

Table 58.4

Table 59.1

Table 59.2

Table 59.3

Table 60.1

Table 60.2

Table 60.3

Table 61.1

Table 61.2

Table 62.1

Table 62.2

Table 62.3

Table 62.4

Table 62.5

Table 63.1

Table 63.2

Table 64.1

Table 64.2

Table 64.3

Table 65.1

Table 65.2

Table 65.3

Table 65.4

Table 65.5

Table 65.6

Table 65.7

Table 65.8

Table 66.1

Table 66.2

Table 66.3

Table 66.4

Table 66.5

Table 68.1

Table 68.2

Table 68.3

Table 68.4

Table 68.5

Table 68.6

Table 69.1

Table 69.2

Table 69.3

Table 71.1

Table 71.2

Table 71.3

Table 72.1

Table 72.2

Table 73.1

Table 73.2

Table 73.3

Table 73.4

Table 73.5

Table 74.1

Table 74.2

Table 74.3

Table 74.4

Table 75.1

Table 75.2

Table 76.1

Table 76.2

Table 77.1

Table 77.2

Table 77.3

Table 77.4

Table 77.5

Table 77.6

Table 78.1

Table 78.2

Table 79.1

Table 79.2

Table 79.3

Table 80.1

Table 80.2

Table 80.3

Table 80.4

Table 80.5

Table 80.6

Table 80.7

Table 81.1

Table 81.2

Table 82.1

Table 82.2

Table 82.3

Table 82.4

Table 83.1

Table 83.2

Table 83.3

Table 83.4

Table 83.5

Table 83.6

Table 85.1

Table 85.2

Table 85.3

Table 86.1

Table 86.2

Table 87.1

Table 87.2

Table 87.3

Table 87.4

Table 88.1

Table 88.2

Table 89.1

Table 89.2

Table 90.1

Table 90.2

Table 90.3

Table 90.4

Table 91.1

Table 91.2

Table 92.1

Table 92.2

Table 93.1

Table 94.1

Table 94.2

Table 95.1

Table 95.2

Table 95.3

Table 95.4

Table 96.1

Table 96.2

Table 96.3

Table 96.4

Table 96.5

Table 96.6

Table 96.7

Table 96.8

Table 97.1

Table 97.2

Table 97.3

Table 98.1

Table 98.2

Table 98.3

Table 99.1

Table 99.2

Table 99.3

Table 99.4

Table 99.5

Table 100.1

Table 100.2

Table 100.3

Table 100.4

Table 100.5

Table 100.6

Table 100.7

Table 100.8

Table 100.9

Table 100.10

Table 101.1

Table 101.2

Table 101.3

Table 101.4

Table 101.5

Table 102.1

Table 102.2

Table 102.3

Table 103.1

Table 103.2

Table 103.3

Table 103.4

Table 103.5

Table 103.6

Table 103.7

Table 103.8

Table 103.9

Table 103.10

Table 103.11

Table 103.12

Table 103.13

Table 103.14

Table 103.15

Table 103.16

Table 103.17

Table 103.18

Table 104.1

Table 104.2

Table 105.1

Table 105.2

Table 105.3

Table 105.4

Table 105.5

Table 105.6

Table 105.7

Table 105.8

Table 105.9

Table 105.10

Table 106.1

Table 106.2

Table 106.3

Table 107.1

Table 107.2

Table 107.3

Table 107.4

Table 108.1

Table 108.2

Table 108.3

Table 108.4

Table 109.1

Table 109.2

Table 109.3

Table 110.1

Table 110.2

Table 110.3

Table 110.4

Table 110.5

Table 110.6

Table 110.7

Table 110.8

Table 111.1

Table 113.1

Table 113.2

Table 113.3

Table 114.1

Table 114.2

Table 114.3

Table 114.4

Table 114.5

Table 114.6

Table 115.1

Table 115.2

Table 115.3

Table 115.4

Table 115.5

Table 115.6

Table 115.7

Table 115.8

Table 115.9

Table 115.10

Table 115.11

Table 115.12

Table 116.1

Table 116.2

Table 117.1

Table 117.2

Table 118.1

Table 118.2

Table 118.3

Table 118.4

Table 119.1

Table 119.2

Table 120.1

Table 120.2

Table 121.1

Table 121.2

Table 121.3

Table 121.4

Table 122.1

Table 122.2

Table 123.1

Table 123.2

Table 123.3

Table 123.4

Table 124.1

Table 124.2

Table 125.1

Table 125.2

List of Illustrations

Figure 1

Figure 1.1

Figure 2.1

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 4.1

Figure 5.1

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 7.1

Figure 9.1

Figure 10.1

Figure 11.1

Figure 11.2

Figure 12.1

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 14.1

Figure 17.1

Figure 18.1

Figure 18.2

Figure 19.1

Figure 19.2

Figure 20.1

Figure 21.1

Figure 22.1

Figure 23.1

Figure 24.1

Figure 25.1

Figure 26.1

Figure 26.2

Figure 27.1

Figure 28.1

Figure 31.1

Figure 33.1

Appendix 33.1

Appendix 33.2

Figure 34.1

Figure 36.1

Figure 36.2

Figure 36.3

Figure 36.4

Figure 37.1

Figure 38.1

Figure 40.1

Figure 40.2

Figure 40.3

Figure 41.1

Figure 41.2

Figure 42.1

Figure 42.2

Figure 43.1

Figure 43.2

Figure 44.1

Figure 44.2

Figure 44.3

Figure 44.4

Figure 44.5

Figure 44.6

Figure 45.1

Figure 46.1

Figure 47.1

Figure 50.1

Figure 50.2

Figure 53.1

Figure 55.1

Figure 56.1

Figure 57.1

Figure 57.2

Figure 58.1

Figure 58.2

Figure 60.1

Figure 60.2

Figure 61.1

Figure 62.1

Figure 64.1

Figure 65.1

Figure 68.1

Appendix 68.1

Appendix 68.2

Figure 70.1

Figure 71.1

Figure 73.1

Figure 76.1

Figure 77.1

Figure 85.1

Figure 85.2

Figure 86.1

Figure 86.2

Figure 95.1

Figure 96.1

Figure 97.1

Figure 99.1

Figure 99.2

Figure 101.1

Appendix 102.1

Appendix 102.2

Appendix 102.3

Figure 104.1

Figure 107.1

Figure 107.2

Figure 108.1

Figure 110.1

Figure 111.1

Figure 112.1

Figure 112.2

Figure 112.3

Figure 112.4

Figure 114.1

Figure 115.1

Figure 116.1

Figure 116.2

Figure 116.3

Figure 116.4

Figure 118.1

Figure 119.1

Figure 119.2

Figure 120.1

Figure 122.1

Figure 122.2

Figure 122.3

Figure 122.4

Figure 123.1

Figure 123.2

Figure 124.1

Figure 125.1

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Sprigings, David, editor. | Chambers, John (John Boyd), editor. | Preceded by (work): Sprigings, David. Acute medicine.

Title: Acute medicine : a practical guide to the management of medical emergencies / edited by David Sprigings, John Chambers.

Other titles: Acute medicine (Sprigings)

Description: Fifth edition. | Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. |

Preceded by Acute medicine / David Sprigings, John Chambers. 4th ed. 2008. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016057155 (print) | LCCN 2016059907 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118644287 (paperback) | ISBN 9781118644263 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118644270 (epub)

Subjects: | MESH: Emergencies | Emergency Treatment--methods | Handbooks

Classification: LCC RC86.8 (print) | LCC RC86.8 (ebook) | NLM WB 39 | DDC 616.02/5--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016057155

Contributors

Simon Anderson

Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Honorary Lecturer, King's College, London

Chapters 20, 21, 22, 73

Mike Beadsworth

Clinical Director, Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital,

Liverpool, UK

Honorary Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Clinical

Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Chapter 33

Nick Beeching

Senior Lecturer (Clinical) in Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool

School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal

Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Chapters 33, 34

Ajay Bhalla

Consultant Stroke Physician and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Ageing and Health,

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 65, 66

Michael Canty

Specialty Registrar in Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

Chapters 29, 67, 70, 72

Vito Carone

Partnerships in Care, Meadow View Hospital, Glenworth, UK

Chapters 81, 82, 83, 84

Paul Carroll

Consultant Endocrinologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94

John B. Chambers

Consultant Cardiologist and Professor of Clinical Cardiology at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London

Chapters 6, 7, 10, 39, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 105, 114

Mas Chaponda

Consultant in Infectious Diseases, HIV Services, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Honorary Senior Lecturer in Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Clinical

Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Chapter 34

Vincent Connolly

Regional Medical Director, North, NHS Improvement & Consultant Physician, James Cook University Hospital,

Middlesbrough, UK

Introduction

Simon Conroy

Honorary Professor of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Centre for Medicine, UK

Chapters 5, 31

Michael Cooklin

Consultant Cardiologist, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London

Chapters 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 58

John Corcoran

Clinical Research Fellow and Honorary Specialty Registrar

Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

Chapter 122

James Crane

Clinical Research Fellow in Diabetes and Endocrinology

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94

Alexandra Croom

Consultant Allergist, Spire Leicester Hospital, Leicester UK

Chapters 27, 38

Martin Crook

Consultant in Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's, St Thomas' and Lewisham and

Greenwich NHS Trusts, UK

Visiting Professor, University of Greenwich and Trinity College Dublin, UK

Chapters 85, 86, 87, 88, 89

Nemesha Desai

Consultant Dermatologist, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 26, 96

Andrew Dixon

Consultant Gastroenterologist, Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapters 74, 75, 76

Louise Free

Consultant in Palliative Medicine, St Wilfrid's Hospice and East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust,

Eastbourne, UK

Chapter 110

Charlotte Frise

Consultant in Obstetric Medicine and General Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Obstetric Medicine, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,

University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 32

Matthew Frise

Specialty Registrar in General Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine

Oxford Deanery, UK

Chapters 59, 112

Luna Gargani

Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

Chapter 114

Francesca Garnham

Consultant in Emergency Medicine, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 108, 109

David Garry

Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine & Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 117

Guy Glover

Consultant in Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, UK

Chapter 35

Rob Hallifax

Clinical Research Fellow, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 64

Claire Harrison

Consultant Haematologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 100, 102

Deborah Hay

Honorary Consultant Haematologist and Clinical Tutor for Pathology, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 101

Carolyn Hemsley

Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases,

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 80

Catherine Hildyard

Specialist Registrar in Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 103

Sandeep Hothi

Specialty Registrar in Cardiology and General Internal Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK

Chapters 8, 9, 116, 119, 120, 121

Jo Howard

Consultant Haematologist, Sickle Cell Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 104

Manohara Kenchaiah

Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist

Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapters 81, 82, 83, 84

John L. Klein

Consultant Microbiologist, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 52, 68, 95, 98

Ruth Lamb

Consultant Dermatologist, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Consultant

Dermatologist, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 26

Nigel Langford

Honorary Senior Lecturer to University of Leicester, Consultant in Acute Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology,

University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK

Chapter 36

Tom Lloyd

Former Senior Medicolegal Advisor, Medical Protection Society, London, UK

Chapter 111

Raashid Luqmani

Professor of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 99

Bridget MacDonald

Consultant Neurologist, Croydon University and St George's Hospitals, UK

Chapter 16

Lucy Mackillop

Consultant Obstetric Physician, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 32

Seshi Manam

Consultant Dermatologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 96

Swapna Mandal

Consultant Respiratory Physician, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 60

Janine Mansi

Consultant Medical Oncologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Biomedical Research Centre,

King's College, London, UK

Chapter 105

Charlotte Masterton-Smith

Specialty Registrar in Acute Medicine, Kingston Hospital, UK

Chapter 56

Angelique Mastihi

Medical Protection Society, Edinburgh, UK

Chapter 111

Tristan McMullan

Consultant Ophthalmologist, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapter 19

Roshan Navin

Consultant Physician in Acute Internal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 57

Jim Newton

Consultant Cardiologist, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 45, 46

Claire van Nispen tot Pannerden

Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 80

Kannan Nithi

Consultant Neurologist & Neurophysiologist, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapter 123

Kevin O'Kane

Consultant in Acute Internal Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundations Trust, UK

Senior Lecturer in Medicine, King's College, London, UK

Chapters 56, 57

Marlies Ostermann

Consultant in Critical Care & Nephrology at Guy's & St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK

Chapters 1, 2, 25

Ojaswini Pathak

Consultant Geriatrician, University Hospitals of Leicester, UK

Chapters 5, 31

Nayia Petousi

Clinical Lecturer in Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 11

Ioannis Psallidas

Honorary Consultant Respiratory Physician, Junior Lecturer, University College, RESPIRE2 ERS Fellow,

Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Trials Unit,

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 12

Simon Rinaldi

Senior Clinical Researcher, University of Oxford, UK

Chapters 3, 14, 15, 17, 18, 71

Tony Rudd

Professor of Stroke Medicine King's College London, UK

Consultant Stroke Physician, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

National Clinical Director Stroke NHS England

Chapters 65, 66

Sophia Savva

Specialist Registrar in Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals Leicester

Chapters 74, 75, 76

Manu Shankar-Hari

Consultant, Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Clinician Scientist, National Institute for Health Research (2017–2022)

Chapter 35

Udi Shmueli

Consultant Gastroenterologist, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapter 73

Nadia Short

Consultant Physician in Acute Internal Medicine, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medicine, Guy's and

St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Chapter 114

David Sprigings

Consultant Physician (1993–2016), Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 25, 30, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 58, 68, 69, 95, 106, 107, 109, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121

Eui-Sik Suh

Consultant Respiratory Physician, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, UK

Chapter 61

Kehinde Sunmboye

Consultant Rheumatologist, University Hospitals of Leicester, UK

Chapters 28, 97, 98, 124

Nick Talbot

NIHR Academic Clinical Lecturer in Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine,

University of Oxford, UK

Chapter 37

Ambika Talwar

Clinical Research Fellow and Respiratory Registrar Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapter 115

Christopher Turnbull

Clinical Research Fellow, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford, UK

Chapter 113

Vimal Venugopal

Specialist Registrar in Diabetes & Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK

Chapters 81, 82, 83, 84

Ben Warner

Specialist Registrar in Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Research Fellow, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 23, 24, 77, 78, 79, 125

Mark Wilkinson

Consultant Hepatologist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Chapters 23, 24, 77, 78, 79, 125

Ahmed Yousuf

Respiratory Registrar, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

Chapters 13, 62, 63

A Practical Guide to the Management of Medical Emergencies